我们把 ESPR 与电池法规的原文逐条调出来，讲清三件事：哪一条是“可选”（may）、哪一条才是“强制”（shall）、以及电池护照的责任究竟落在谁头上。分清这三件事，能省掉一笔不必要的年费，也能避免签了一份“假欧代”协议而不自知。
中文里大家笼统说“欧盟责任人”，但在欧盟法规里，它至少对应三种完全不同、义务不同、甚至强制与否都不同的角色。混着讲，就一定出错。
| 角色 | 法定名称与定义条 | 核心义务 | 强制还是可选 | 是否覆盖电池护照 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 通用授权代表 （大家口中的“欧代”） |
authorised representative ESPR Art. 2(43) BatReg Art. 3(63) |
代保存合规声明与技术文档（10 年）、应主管机关要求配合并 15 日内提供资料、必要时终止授权 | 可选 ESPR Art. 28(1) 用 mayBatReg Art. 40(1) 用 may |
不覆盖 BatReg Art. 3(63) 明确只覆盖 Chapter IV 与 VI |
| EPR 授权代表 | authorised representative for extended producer responsibility BatReg Art. 3(48) |
代为履行生产者责任（废弃物回收、登记、申报等 Chapter VIII 义务） | 强制 BatReg Art. 56(3) 用 shall，但限于 Art. 3(47)(d) 类生产者 |
不覆盖 Chapter VIII 与 Chapter IX 是两章 |
| 进口商 （事实上的责任承接人） |
importer BatReg Art. 3(64) ESPR Art. 29 |
投放市场前核验合规性；护照信息准确、完整、及时更新（BatReg Art. 77(4)） | 法定主体 是谁进口谁承担，无需另行“指定” |
覆盖 Art. 77(4) 责任主体即“投放市场的经济经营者” |
生态设计法规 ESPR (EU) 2024/1781 是 DPP 的法律母法。它关于授权代表的规定，就在第 28 条。
“A manufacturer may, by a written mandate, appoint an authorised representative. The obligations laid down in Article 27(1) and the drawing up of technical documentation shall not form part of the authorised representative's mandate.”
may（可以），不是 shall（应当）——所以“必须指定欧代”在 ESPR 里没有依据。② 两件事不得写进授权范围：制造商自身的合规义务（Art. 27(1)），以及技术文档的编制。任何把这两件事包进“欧代套餐”的报价，都在卖你不需要的东西。“An authorised representative shall perform the tasks specified in the mandate received from the manufacturer. The mandate shall allow the authorised representative to do at least the following: (a) keep the EU declaration of conformity and technical documentation at the disposal of the national market surveillance authorities for 10 years…; (b) cooperate with the competent national authorities, at their request, on any measures taken with regard to cases of non-compliance…; (c) further to a reasoned request from a competent national authority, provide that authority with all the information and documentation necessary to demonstrate the conformity of a product… as soon as possible and in any event within 15 days of receipt of such a request; and (d) terminate the mandate if the manufacturer acts contrary to its obligations under this Regulation.”
“‘authorised representative’ means any natural or legal person established in the Union that has received a written mandate from the manufacturer to act on the manufacturer's behalf in relation to specified tasks with regard to the manufacturer's obligations under this Regulation;”
电池是最先落地、也最急的品类。它的授权代表条款写在第 40 条——同样是可选。但有另一条是强制的，就在 EPR 那一章。
“A manufacturer may, by a written mandate, designate an authorised representative. The authorised representative's mandate shall be valid only when accepted in writing by the authorised representative.”
may。注意后半句：授权须经授权代表书面接受方生效——所以“授权书”必须是双方签署的，单方盖章的委托书在法律上没完成。“‘authorised representative’ means any natural or legal person established in the Union who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on its behalf in relation to specified tasks with regard to the manufacturer's obligations under Chapters IV and VI;”
“A producer as defined in Article 3, point (47)(d) shall appoint an authorised representative for extended producer responsibility in each Member State in which it sells batteries. Such appointment shall be made by written mandate.”
“‘producer’ means any manufacturer, importer or distributor or other natural or legal person that, irrespective of the selling technique used, including by means of distance contracts, either: … (d) sells batteries, including those incorporated in appliances, light means of transport or other vehicles, by means of distance contracts directly to end-users, whether or not they are private households, in a Member State, and is established in another Member State or in a third country;”
“7. The obligations under this Article may be fulfilled on a producer's behalf by an authorised representative for extended producer responsibility.”
may，是可选的 PRO，不是授权代表。may，不是强制。真正强制指定授权代表的是 Art. 56(3)，且只针对 EPR。这是客户问得最多、也最容易讲错的一题。答案在 Art. 77(4)。
“4. The economic operator placing the battery on the market shall ensure that the information in the battery passport is accurate, complete and up to date. It may give written authorisation to any other operator to act on its behalf.”
shall ensure），这是法定归属。中国制造商不在欧盟境内时，典型情形下这个“投放者”就是欧盟进口商（定义见 Art. 3(64)），进口商另有 Art. 41 的投放前核验义务。既然“通用欧代”是可选的，那非欧盟制造商实际有三条路可走。下表把我们调研到的成本区间与适用条件列清。
市场上存在大量“只提供一张授权书、不承担任何实质义务”的所谓欧代。它们的共同特征很好识别——用 Art. 28(2) 的四项底线义务去照，一照就现形。
把边界说在前面，比事后解释便宜得多。
may（可选），不是强制。但请注意：责任并不会因此消失——它会随进口行为落到你的欧盟进口商身上（BatReg Art. 77(4)、进口商定义 Art. 3(64)）。因此真正的问题不是“要不要指定欧代”，而是“谁来做那个向主管机关负责、并维护护照数据的主体”，这件事必须与你的进口商书面厘清。只要告诉我两件事——你的品类、以及你是走 B2B 进口商还是线上直销——我们就能给出你被哪几条打中的书面判定，以及三条路线的总成本对比。判定先做，钱后花。